NEGOTIATING TRADITION: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY ON FEMALE JIRGA’S ATTOCK DISTRICT

Abstract

This study explores the role and perception of female Jirga systems in Bahadur Khan Village, located in the Attock district of Punjab. Traditionally dominated by male elders, Jirga have begun to include women in decision-making processes in some rural areas. This research investigates how women participate in or lead such informal justice mechanisms and how their involvement influences community dynamics. Using purposive sampling, ten women from the village were selected for in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed thematically to uncover patterns of participation, challenges faced, and community attitudes toward female-led Jirga. Findings reveal that although female Jirga is relatively new, they are gaining acceptance for resolving domestic disputes and issues related to women and children. Respondents expressed appreciation for the empathetic and fair nature of these Jirga, noting their accessibility and alignment with cultural values. The study concludes that female Jirga contribute to social cohesion and offer an inclusive alternative to the male-dominated justice system in rural settings.