CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS PAKISTAN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CPEC: AN ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT

Abstract

This study critically examines China’s foreign policy towards Pakistan in the perspective of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), particularly during the period 2020–2025. It explores the political, economic, security, and diplomatic dimensions of bilateral relations, situating CPEC within the broader framework of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The research highlights how CPEC has transformed Pakistan’s infrastructure and energy landscape while simultaneously reinforcing China’s strategic and regional influence. However, challenges such as Pakistan’s political instability, debt concerns, governance issues, and security threats have limited the full realization of CPEC’s potential. Global factors, including COVID-19 and intensifying U.S.–China rivalry, further shaped the project’s trajectory. The study concludes that while CPEC has strengthened Sino–Pakistani ties and enhanced Pakistan’s geo-economic significance, sustainable outcomes depend on effective governance, transparency, and long-term risk management by both partners