اقبال ؒ او ر تصوف : ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ

Abstract

Allāma Muhammad Iqbāl was born in an intellectual and spiritual environment where the books of Sheikh Akbar Muhiuddin Ibne Arabi and other renowned Sufi saints were studied. His father had a deep interest towards Sufism. It was due to this spiritual atmosphere that Allāma Iqbal himself chose Sufism as the topic for his doctoral thesis. Despite this profound influence, Iqbal was a staunch opponent of Ajami Sufism (Non-Islamic Sufism) and considered it harmful to the Muslim Ummah. He believed that Ajami Sufism made a person inactive and isolated from society, while he even invited Sufis to come out of the monasteries and perform the 'Rasm Shabbiri'. It refers to the struggle for the rule of law and the fight against false forces.

Allāma Iqbal had also started writing a valuable book on the history of Sufism, which unfortunately could not be completed. However, in 1985, this work was published with the efforts and dedication of Dr. Sabir Kalūri. Iqbal actually considered that Sufism to be true and acceptable which was in accordance with the teachings of the Qur’ān and Sūnnah. In this regard, his words repeatedly invite us to follow the teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them all). In his famous work 'Zarb E Kaleem', he invites us to search for 'Hejazi Faqr (Sufism)', which is actually the pure and true form of Islamic Sufism.

In contrast to traditional and Ajmi Sufism, which leads to isolation and inaction, Allama Iqbal presented a revolutionary concept of self and action. He introduced the philosophy of 'Khudi' in Sufism, which means recognizing one's own self, highlighting one's abilities and playing an active role in life. According to him, a true Sufi is one who, recognizing his own self, constantly strives for the development and welfare of society.