PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS OF FASCIOLOSIS IN BUFFALOES IN DISTRICT DERA ISMAIL KHAN, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Background: Fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, is a parasitic infection of global concern, particularly affecting ruminants like buffaloes. The disease leads to substantial economic losses through reduced productivity and liver condemnation. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of fasciolosis in buffaloes in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to December 2024. A total of 200 fecal samples were examined using sedimentation techniques, and 200 liver samples were analyzed post-mortem for adult flukes. Animals were categorized by age (young, adult, old) and sex. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, logistic regression, and Pearson correlation using SPSS v16. Results: The overall prevalence of fasciolosis was 38.5% in fecal and 33.0% in liver samples. Adult and female buffaloes had higher prevalence rates. Logistic regression showed that adult (OR=1.79, p=0.002), old (OR=1.68, p=0.015) and female buffaloes (OR=2.03, p=0.001) had significantly greater odds of infection. Conclusion: Fasciolosis is endemic in the region with a significant burden in adult and female buffaloes. Effective control strategies, including deworming and snail population management, are essential.