GEOPOLITICAL DYNAMICS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has emerged as a central arena of global geopolitics in the 21st century due to its strategic location, economic significance, and intensifying great-power competition. This research article examines the evolving geopolitical dynamics of the IOR by analyzing the interplay between maritime security, economic connectivity, and strategic rivalries among major and regional actors. The study highlights increasing militarization, the rise of China through initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and counterbalancing strategies adopted by the United States and its allies. Additionally, it explores the importance of sea lanes of communication (SLOCs), energy security, and maritime chokepoints in shaping global trade and geopolitical strategies. Using qualitative analysis of secondary data, the study identifies emerging trends such as multipolarity, regional cooperation, and economic interdependence, while also addressing non-traditional challenges including climate change and maritime insecurity. The findings suggest that the IOR will remain pivotal to global geopolitics, necessitating cooperative frameworks to ensure long-term stability and sustainable development.