THE KINETIC CAGE: EXPLORING THE INVISIBLE BARRIERS TO WOMEN'S MOBILITY IN PAKISTAN

Abstract

Rickshaws are one of the most widespread public transport modes in Pakistan, particularly in urban centers such as Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, and Peshawar. Rickshaw harassment has become a growing concern over the past two decades due to the informal nature of this transport system, which lacks proper safety regulations and oversight. The close proximity between. This study explores the lived experiences of individuals facing harassment in rickshaws using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). A sample of ten participants shared accounts of verbal, physical, and psychological harassment, including catcalling, unwanted touching, and stalking. Findings reveal common harassment locations, such as inside rickshaws, at stands, and on roads. Participants reported significant psychological distress, mobility restrictions, and avoidance behaviors. Societal factors, including patriarchal attitudes and normalization of harassment, contribute to the issue, while weak legal frameworks and poor law enforcement hinder victims from seeking justice.

To address this problem, participants emphasized the need for stricter laws, gender- sensitive public transport policies, driver education, and community awareness campaigns. Alternative solutions, such as ride-sharing apps and women-only transport services, were also suggested. This study highlights the urgent need for systematic interventions to ensure safer public transportation for women in Pakistan.