THE ISLAMIC POLITICAL SYSTEM: A BASIC VALUE SYSTEM

Abstract

This research examines Islamic political system based on the value based system with major focus on those principles that constitute the foundation of justice (ʿadl), consultation (shūrā), accountability (muhasabah), equality (musawat), and public welfare (maṣlahah). Using primary sources of Quran and Hadith with the help of classical scholarship and contemporary academic literature, the study examines how the values can offer a spiritual and practical guideline to governance. The approach is qualitative, interpretive and normative in the use of textual and thematic analyses of scriptural materials, historical precedents, and modern arguments. The results demonstrate that Islamic political system does not have to be attached to fixed institutional designs but rather embedded in universal values that can be modified to different socio-political environments. These values were put into effect in the early Muslims as demonstrated by historical practices including the Constitution of Madinah and the policies of the Four Caliphs. Conversely, modern Muslim cultures tend to be corrupt, unequal and dictatorial because of the disregard or improper implementation of these guidelines. The paper concludes that the Islamic political system provides a holistic framework in which leadership is a trust (amānah), political regime is service to the populace and political power is answerable before Allah and society. In restating Islamic political values in the contemporary world, the research serves as an academic addition to the discipline of political science and the field of Islamic studies, as well as offers practical value to those policymakers who are interested in balancing the divine guidance with the current needs of governance.