VOICE AND VULNERABILITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY IN THE GIG ECONOMY

Abstract

The gig economy characterized by digital platforms and decentralized work arrangements, which has transformed traditional employment structures by offering autonomy and flexibility. But these benefits often come with downsides as well, like being closely monitored by algorithms, getting tasks in unpredictable ways, at unusual times and limited opportunities for collective voice. Gig workers frequently experience emotional exhaustion, job insecurity and social isolation due to limited organizational support and opaque algorithmic control systems such as rating based penalties or sudden deactivation. This study adopts a dual-method approach, combining  the PRISMA-based systematic review of 13 peer reviewed articles with a bibliometric analysis of 37 Scopus indexed studies published between 2020-2025.Total 256 records were initially screened to ensure the inclusion of high-quality research papers of good journals that highlight how the conversation about platform-based work is changing over the time. The results indicated that gig workers frequently rely on informal coping mechanisms and peer support. These are not enough without proper communication system and supportive platform policies. The paper also introduces the idea of  voice efficacy, that carried out the belief of one’s input will be heard and even make a difference. This belief is a key factor that helps to build psychological safety in gig work settings. The study highlights that improving gig workers well-being requires both better platform structures and efforts to strengthen worker’s confidence. By integrating  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs with psychological theory and platform labor dynamics, this paper contributes to the discourse on sustainable and inclusive practices in digital labor markets. The findings suggest that platform designers and policymakers should embed transparent feedback systems, psychological support systems and fair rules to help workers feel stronger and more involved in the workplace.