FROM CUBICLES TO COZY CORNERS EXAMINING HOW MANAGERIAL SUPPORT, TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND WORK-FAMILY BALANCE, MEDIATED BY WORK ARRANGEMENT TYPE: SHAPING TURNOVER INTENTIONS IN PAKISTANI ORGANIZATIONS

Abstract

This study examines how Managerial Support, Technological Infrastructure, and Work-Family Balance mediated by Work Arrangement Type influencing Turnover Intentions among operational-level employees in leading Pakistani banks. This research adopted a positivist perspective and employing a quantitative, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 397 banking professionals in Karachi through structured questionnaires using Cochran’s formula (for a 95% confidence level and ±5% margin of error). The dataset was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in SMART PLS 4. The results reveal significant and positive direct effects of Managerial Support, Technological Infrastructure, and Work-Family Balance on Turnover Intentions, explaining 57% of the variance in employees’ inclination to leave. Work Arrangement Type (remote, hybrid, or on-site) demonstrates a partial mediating role, such that higher support, robust IT resources, and greater work-family harmony led employees to adopt more flexible work setups that leads to reducing their turnover intentions. Path coefficients further indicate that Managerial Support exerts the strongest impact (β = 0.35, p < 0.000), followed by Technological Infrastructure (β = 0.29, p < 0.001) and Work-Family Balance (β = 0.27, p < 0.004). These findings illustrated the critical importance of empathetic leadership, reliable technology, and supportive family policies in mitigating employees’ desire to exit. This research highlighted the direct and indirect effects of these variables, along with that the study offers evidence-based insights for banks and other financial institutions to design and refine remote/hybrid work strategies. This research contributes to the growing discourse on the future of work in emerging markets, demonstrating that well-structured flexible arrangements, backed by robust organizational practices, can effectively reduce turnover intentions in Pakistan’s dynamic banking sector.