KASHMIR: A HISTORICAL ODYSSEY OF KINGS, EMPIRES, AND CONFLICTS

Abstract

This article explores the complex and multifaceted history of Kashmir, tracing its evolution from an ancient kingdom to a modern geopolitical 
flashpoint. Beginning with its early Hindu and Buddhist roots, the study examines the region’s transformation under Muslim rule, its significance during the Mughal and Afghan empires, and its strategic importance under the Sikh and Dogra regimes. Special attention is given to the colonial period and the controversial events of 1947, which led to the partition of British India and the subsequent accession crisis. The article also delves into the persistent conflict between India and Pakistan, the rise of militancy, and the ongoing struggles for identity,autonomy, and peace. By weaving  together political, cultural, and religious narratives, the article presents Kashmir as a region shaped by conquest, resistance, and resilience a land caught between empires and enduring disputes