SUSTAINABILITY AS STRATEGY: GSCM IMPACT ON FIRM EFFECTIVENESS IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES

Abstract

This study explores the influence of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM)  practices on organizational effectiveness within manufacturing firms in Karachi,  Pakistan. Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and 4R Theory, the  research investigates four critical GSCM dimensions: green procurement, green  manufacturing, green distribution, and green information systems. Using a  quantitative approach, data were collected from 217 supply chain professionals  through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation  Modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS. The findings reveal that green procurement, green  distribution, and green information systems significantly and positively impact  organizational effectiveness, whereas green manufacturing does not exhibit a 
significant influence. These results emphasize the strategic importance of  embedding environmental sustainability into core supply chain functions to  enhance firm performance and resilience. The study contributes empirical evidence  from a developing economy context, suggesting that effective GSCM practices can  yield competitive advantages, bolster stakeholder satisfaction, and foster long-term success. Limitations include the study’s narrow sectoral focus and sample size,  which future research could address by expanding across industries and including  moderating variables like regulatory frameworks. This research provides actionable  insights for managers and policymakers aiming to align environmental goals with organizational performance in the face of increasing ecological and competitive  pressures.