BUREAUCRATIC DECLINE AND GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN (2022–2024): CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND REFORM IMPERATIVES

Abstract

The bureaucratic decline in Pakistan from 2022 to 2024 has emerged as a critical governance challenge, affecting institutional efficiency, public trust, and state stability. This study examines the key factors contributing to bureaucratic deterioration, including political instability, institutional politicization, corruption, economic constraints, and administrative inefficiency. The frequent changes in government, lack of policy continuity, and undue political interference have weakened bureaucratic autonomy, leading to decision-making paralysis and poor service delivery. Additionally, economic hardships, resource mismanagement, and outdated governance structures have further exacerbated inefficiencies within the civil service. This research also explores the consequences of bureaucratic dysfunction, such as declining public confidence, governance failures, and the widening gap between state institutions and citizens. A comparative analysis with efficient bureaucratic models in China, Malaysia, and Singapore highlights potential reform strategies for Pakistan. The study emphasizes the urgent need for depoliticization, institutional strengthening, and digital governance to enhance bureaucratic transparency and accountability. It proposes policy recommendations to restore meritocracy, improve administrative efficiency, and rebuild public trust in governance. Addressing these issues is crucial for ensuring long-term stability, economic growth, and effective governance in Pakistan.