RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE FREQUENCY, BODY COMPOSITION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS IN ECCE STUDENTS

Abstract

Regular physical activity plays a fundamental role in maintaining optimal body composition and enhancing cardiovascular fitness, particularly among young adults in academic settings. University students, including those enrolled in Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programs, often experience lifestyle transitions that influence their exercise patterns, dietary habits, and overall health status. This study aimed to examine the relationship between exercise frequency, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness among ECCE students. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed to assess how varying levels of exercise participation impact physiological health indicators.

Data were collected from undergraduate ECCE students using a structured questionnaire to measure exercise frequency, categorized into low, moderate, and high activity levels based on weekly participation. Body composition was assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage, while cardiovascular fitness was evaluated through standardized field-based fitness testing procedures, including estimated VO₂ max scores. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine correlations and predictive relationships among the variables.

The findings indicate a significant positive association between exercise frequency and cardiovascular fitness. Students engaging in moderate to high levels of weekly physical activity demonstrated better VO₂ max scores and healthier body composition profiles compared to those with low activity levels. Furthermore, exercise frequency was inversely correlated with BMI and body fat percentage, suggesting that increased physical activity contributes to improved metabolic efficiency and reduced adiposity. Regression analysis further revealed that exercise frequency significantly predicts cardiovascular fitness outcomes, even after controlling for demographic factors.

These results highlight the importance of promoting consistent physical activity among ECCE students, who will later serve as role models for young children. Improving their health behaviors may have long-term benefits not only for their personal well-being but also for their professional practice in early childhood settings. The study underscores the need for structured fitness awareness programs within teacher education institutions to foster lifelong healthy habits. Future research may incorporate longitudinal designs and advanced body composition analysis techniques to strengthen causal interpretations.